ITGS Abbreviations Flashcard

ITGS Abbreviations

How to Draw a Superhero Story Great Hints

How to Draw a Superhero Story Great Hints How to Draw a Superhero Story and Make It Better With the growing number of comic books, it seems so obvious how to draw a superhero story and how to make it work. However, it appears that it is not enough to have a few superhero ideas to be able to translate them into a coherent story. You should be very thorough looking for the best recommendations to help you become a superhero story writer. We are here to share some useful tips on how to write a great superhero story. In fact, we have compiled a list of seven useful tips. Feel free to use any. Successful Tips for Writing Superhero Stories 1. How to Write a Superhero Origin Story How to write a comic book? Thats pretty simple. At first, you will have to forget about the heros journey. The thing about comic book writing is that just too many books rely on this concept. It essentially means that you will have to borrow some subjects or topics from mythology and translate them into a contemporary story. For example, you will describe the heroic path of your protagonist, from being a simple and ordinary boy to becoming a recognized superhero. Of course, it can be interesting. It can even be revealing. However, do you really want to use something that dozens of other superhero writers and authors did before you? Storytelling should be unique and always knew. Thats the secret of your success. Of course, you may still use the superheros story at the beginning of your novel, just as the framework for understanding the actions and decisions of your hero. At the same time, you dont need to turn your entire story into a novel about transformation. For example, you may tell your readers what troubles or issues motivated your protagonist to take a heros path, and how the events of the past influenced his decisions as he was moving toward his goals. Thats quite enough to create a perfect story. Most superhero books should be written this way; unfortunately, few writers actually follow our advice. 2. How to Start a Superhero Story Now it is time to face the truth: superhero stories are vicarious, entertaining and comic. This is what most readers expect from them. Superhero books are being read by people who want to escape the reality and enjoy some time, being surrounded by imaginary heroes and participating in heroic, albeit imaginary, events. For an ordinary reader, a superhero story is an opportunity to imagine how he might do something that he might normally not be able to accomplish. For example, you want to read a superhero story and imagine that you can fly. You put yourself into a superheros shoes and see how it works with you. However, it is never enough to describe the act of flying. It should be realistic. Ideally, it should also be comic. Besides, it should somehow be tied to the realities in which the reader lives. For example, when the first superhero stories saw the world before WWII, their protagonists were fighting against mafia and gangsters. They were interesting because they were realistic. They were touching because they reflected the issues and concerns facing people in America of the 1930s. Your book is not an exception to this rule. How to write a comic book? Try to include some element of humor and, at the same time, describe the events in your book in a realistic manner. Think of what concerns your readers. Think of what they would be willing to do in your story. Your reader should be satisfied with what he or she is doing in this story. At the same time, you should expand the boundaries of your readers imagination and offer something unbelievably interesting to them. For instance, if your readers want to fly, try to use some unusual elements in the story that will make the act of flying really thrilling and comic at the same time. 3. Making Your Superhero Stories Relatable If you are trying to figure out what distinguishes a good superhero story from a bad one, we can tell you the truth. It is the feature (or features) that resemble readers of their own selves. For example, if you are writing a superhero story for teenagers, present your protagonist as a teenager who is facing dilemmas that most teenage readers are facing as well. You can talk about bullying. You can talk about failed romance. Whatever you choose, your readers should be able to see themselves in the mirror. A good idea is trying to discuss an issue that your teenage or adult readers wouldnt normally discuss with others. For example, your superhero may begin as an immigrant who experiences all kinds of mischief when he first arrives to the U.S. Then you can describe what the superhero is doing to overcome these barriers and become a full member of the school community. Do not be afraid of making your superhero weird. The main thing for you is to make him look like your readers. You can develop an image of a bizarre superhero who finds himself in a conflict that is so familiar to the reader. You can also create a superhero who dreams of something that is so close to your readers. Who doesnt dream of seeing all family members in good health? Use these themes to illustrate the main points of your story. Try to find a way to reach your readers heart and stay in it forever. It is a challenge, who doubts However, once you are there, you wont want to let it go.

The Royal Bank of Scotland Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

The Royal Bank of Scotland - Case Study Example Increased merger and acquisition activity, particularly in the banking sector, in Europe has been, and is due to deregulation as contained under the Second Banking Directive that was adopted in 1989, and implemented in 1993 which set the stage for the Euro, and the European Union's transition to a one market economy (Murphy). The preceding was a process undertaken by the European Union in response to developments as represented by " globalisation of markets and finance, the creation of regional economic blocks such as the Union (EU), the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA), the emergence of newly industrialized countries in Asia or Latin America, the introduction of new technologies in product design and manufacturing, and new forms of firms' organization representing just some of the main features of the new international economic order that is emerging" (Canals 1). 1. It is important to understand is the process of deregulation, as it has had two important effects (Gardener and Versiulujs 2): 1. It, deregulation, has "removed or reduced the economic franchises, increasing competition between banks and financial institutions thereby increasing risk in their balance sheets, rendering them seemingly less sound than their large corporate customers". 2. "second and more subtle but no less important change arise from the ability of the banks to seek new business in much wider fields of activity (for example, such as loan

Applied decision making Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Applied decision making - Assignment Example Unastonishingly thus, Cliffshire County Hospital Trust (CCHT) has also been facing similar challenges in its overall decision making system that includes various dimensions of healthcare services. The major problem identifiable in the organisation was lower coordination between the medical staff and the management staff. Although expected to increase the pace of decision-making, such transformations have been hampering the administrative and management processes of the hospital. To be precise, the presented situation exhibits that a few of the older and established consultants of CCHT are given enormous power through which, they make unilateral decisions for their medical teams without consulting with the management. As a result, there exists a significant degree of lack of coordination between the medical team and the management of CCHT, owing to which various problems arise within the hospital those in turn hinder the easy and profitable functioning of the organisation. In addition, the efficiency levels of the management and the medical staff have also been observed to remain unrealised in alignment with the organisational goals, due to insufficient coordination, which also creates resentments among the staff members, irrespective of whether they belong to the management team or the medical team. From an overall perspective, it can be argued that to enhance the effectiveness of the new strategy, it is very essential to establish well-developed relationships with the consultants as they are considered the powerhouse of the hospital. Implementing a multi-departmental working party in the hospital could also serve beneficial, as it would permit various important strategic decisions. Furthermore, through consultative approach to decision making, the process can be improved (Ambrus et al., 2009). The aim of this report is to discuss the contemporary theories on group decision making that would help in understanding the prevailing scenario within CCHT

Drug policies need to approach legalization Essay

Drug policies need to approach legalization - Essay Example should be legal or not is not consistent in nature; rather it is filled with myriad opinions and major ones concerning the darker aspects that makes it more contentious and convoluted particularly when it concerns such issues as which are the drugs to be legalized and those that should be kept under hood. These opinions or perceptions about legalization of drugs are divisive whether it comes from the young generation or the President of a country. Thus, it would not be entirely fair to state that drugs such as marijuana can be made legal and there should be prohibition on the usage of substances such as heroin and cocaine. This is primarily because there are no laws to exercise control over the amount of drugs that can be used which may lead to further complications (Goldstein 8-9). As far as legalization of drugs are concerned, it can be clarified beyond doubt that it is wrong although there would be a larger brigade of people who may suggest that not legalizing it leads to similar consequences or even abuse. If the philosophical elements are taken into account, the first point that can be raised is that using dugs is not bad as long as it is not creating harm to others. The argument, which is primary in this context, is that the freedom of using drugs is in no way related to addiction as it can be any other prohibitive substance as well or even food in particular. The idea, which is emphasized here, is that of John Stuart Mill who has stated â€Å"over himself, over his body and mind, the individual is sovereign† (White 280-81). On the other hand, the opponents would disagree over the fact that consuming a substance deliberately which is harmful cannot be substantiated with any arguments in favor of its usage and the same applies to drugs. One of the best ways to put this issue independently is to shun off the moral components and think over it with a logical approach. Consumption of drugs is normal and falls under the legal grade only when it is taken in

Vegetable Oils Determining Degree Of Unsaturation And Viscosity Biology Essay

Vegetable Oils Determining Degree Of Unsaturation And Viscosity Biology Essay Oil is an integral part of everyones life. Life without oil is not possible, especially in cooking. But there is a limit to which how much oil can be used for the purpose of cooking. The health factors have to be considered. There are different types of oil that are used for cooking and eating purposes. But how many of them are actually safe for health? How many of them do not cause any health problems like high cholesterol etc which in turn leads to diseases like heart attacks? This topic is definitely worthy for investigation because a lot can be found out by determining the iodine number of different oils. For example, the degree of unsaturation is the main thing that can be found out by performing the experiment of Iodine Value. From the degree of unsaturation, we can determine the boiling points of the oils and their effect on the human body. Though my experiment is only for four oils, namely, mustard oil, olive oil, coconut oil and canola oil, there is great scope for investigation even in these oils. The main purpose of this investigation is to establish the relationship between the degree of unsaturation in the oil and the viscosity of the oil Vegetable or Cooking oil is used on an everyday basis. Vegetable oil is purified fat of plant origin which is liquid at room temperature.There are many different kinds of vegetable oils, some of them are: Olive oil, Sunflower oil, Soybean oil, Sesame oil, Coconut oil, Peanut oil, Corn oil etc. Fats and oils are esters of triglycerols and fatty acids. When an oil is unsaturated, it means that the fatty acids consist of a long chain hydrocarbon that have carbon-carbon double bonds. The degree of unsaturation can be determined by finding out the amount of mass that is used to overcome the carbon-carbon double bonds.The amount of iodine that reacts is used to find the iodine number of the oil and this is used to indicate the degree of unsaturation in the oil. The higher the iodine number the greater the unsaturation. Unsaturated oils are less stable than saturated oils. They keep less well than the saturated oils. This is because the carbon carbon double bond in the unsaturated oils react with the oxygen in the air. This may lead to discolouration to the surface of the oil, decrease in the nutrient oil and they also lead to rancidity. They are more prone to hydrogenation and to hydrolysis. Oils are very important to our body, they provide energy because they contain proportionately less oxygen than carbohydrates and they release more energy when they are oxidised.They also provide the structural components of the cell membrane. They also help in the production of steroid hormones like progesterone and testosterone. Unsaturated oils are very harmful to health. They damage the immune system, cause hormonal imbalances and many other problems. They pose a major health risk. Unsaturated oils get rancid when exposed to air; that is called oxidation, Free radicals are produced in the process. This process is accelerated at higher temperatures. The free radicals produced in this method react with parts of cells, such as molecules of DNA and protein and may become attached to those molecules, causing abnormalities of structure and function. The greater the degree of unsaturation of the oil, the better it is for the body. This is because, as mentioned above, the greater the degree of unsaturation the lower the melting point. The average body temperature of the human body is around 98.8.F. Any oil below this temperature is extremely good for the body. This is because the oil wont linger in the stomach for a very long time, because if it stays in the stomach for a very long time, then it can make the body sick. Also, oils below this temperature helps in dissolving the fat that is already present in the body instead of further accumulating the amount of fat in the body. These oils do not clog up the arteries and they do not become hostile plaques. If the oil has less degree of unsaturation or is saturated, then it has a higher melting point, this is because the Vander Waal forces are stronger when compared to the oils that have a greater degree of unsaturation. This would require more energy to overcome the intermolecular forces causing a higher melting point. Now, since the oil will have to burn at a higher temperature, the body temperature has to rise to above the average body temperature to that specific temperature. If it does not reach to that particular temperature for the oil to burn, it can cause indigestion and clogged arteries. They help raise a persons high density lipoproteins (HDL). HDL carries cholesterol from the blood back to the liver. The liver then breaks down the cholesterol so that it can be eliminated from the body. This helps the excess cholesterol from being deposited in the arteries. Word Count: 572 EXPERIMENT A- DETERMINING THE IODINE VALUE OF THE OILS Design 2.1.1 Aim: Finding the iodine number to determine the degree of unsaturation of various different vegetable oils Iodine Number: it is the measure of the degree of the unsaturation in oils and fats. It is expressed in terms of centigrams of iodine absorbed per gram of sample( percentage by weight of iodine absorbed) 2.1.2 Apparatus: Iodine Flasks, 250 ml Micro Beaker, I ml Burette, 50 ml Beakers, 250 ml 2.1.3 Chemicals Required: De ionized Water Carbon Tetrachloride Iodine monochloride(Wijs solution) Potassium Iodide solution Starch Solution Aqueous Thiosulphate standard solution 2.1.4 Oils required: Olive Oil Mustard Oil Coconut Oil Canola Oil 2.1.5 Procedure: One 250 ml iodine flask was labeled BLANK and the other iodine flask was labeled SAMPLE A sample of oil was collected in a 50 ml beaker of known weight and was weighed in an analytical weighing balance in order to obtain the weight of the oil to 4 decimal places Subsequently, 20 ml of Carbon Tetrachloride was added to the beaker, stirred and this solution was transferred to an Iodine Flask. 5 ml of Wijs Solution was transferred to the iodine flask using a microbeaker The Iodine flask was covered with an airtight lid and was kept away in the dark for 45 minutes After 45 minutes, 10 ml of Potassium Iodide solution was poured into the lid of the Iodine Flask The lid was slowly raised allowing a minimum air gap to prevent any iodine vapours formed as a result of the previous reactions, thus allowing the Potassium Iodide to drip slowly into the iodine flask 100 ml of water was added to the flask in a similar way and stirred so that the excess iodine was dissolved The solution was then titrated with Na2 ­S2O3 solution and when it turned to a straw color, approximately 5ml of starch solution was added which made the solution turn into a blue-black solution The titration was resumed drop by drop until the solution turned colorless. The volume of Na2 ­S2O3 was noted( both in the beginning of the titration and at the end of the titration) The above procedure was carried out without the oil to obtain the BLANK value The experiment was repeated thrice with the same oil The same procedure was carried out with another sample of oil Calculations Formula for the calculation for the Iodine Value of any oil Where: B Volume of Na2 ­S2O3 required for the BLANK sample S Volume of Na2 ­S2O3 required by the SAMPLE sample S Normality of the Thiosulphate Solution (N) W Mass of the oil taken (g) 2.2 DATA COLLECTION DATA COLLECTION OLIVE OIL Initial Volume (ml) ±0.05 ml Final Volume (ml) ±0.05 ml Reading 1 0 13.9 Reading 2 0 14.3 Reading 3 0 14.1 Volume of the BLANK sample = 28.6 ml Mass of the oil = 0.2407 gm MUSTARD OIL Initial Volume (ml)  ±0.05 ml Final Volume (ml)  ±0.05 ml Reading 1 0 9.4 Reading 2 0 9.1 Reading 3 0 8.9 Volume of the BLANK sample = 28.6 ml Mass of the oil: 0.2527 gm COCONUT OIL Initial Volume (ml)  ±0.05 ml Final Volume (ml)  ±0.05 ml Reading 1 0 26.5 Reading 2 0 27.3 Reading 3 0 26.8 Volume of the BLANK sample = 28.6 ml Mass of the oil: 0.2808 gm CANOLA OIL Initial Volume (ml)  ±0.05 ml Final Volume (ml)  ±0.05 ml Reading 1 0 6.0 Reading 2 0 5.2 Reading 3 0 5.5 Volume of the BLANKsample = 28.6 ml Mass of the oil = 0.2771 gm 2.3 DATA PROCESSING OLIVE OIL Average Values Initial Volume= = 0 ml Final Volume = = 14.1 ml Calculation of the Iodine Value =78.98 MUSTARD OIL Average Values Initial Volume = = 0ml Final Volume = = 9.1 Calculation of the Iodine Value: = 101.2 COCONUT OIL Average Values Initial Volume = = 0ml Final Volume = = 26.9ml Calculation of the Iodine Value: = 9.937 CANOLA OIL Average Values Initial Volume = = 0ml Final Volume = = 5.6ml Calculation of the Iodine Value: = 108.8 Error Propagation Blank Value= 28.6 ml Error in the BLANK:  ±0.05 ml OLIVE OIL: Value of the SAMPLE: 14.1ml Error in SAMPLE :  ±0.05 ml (BLANIK-SAMPLE) = (28.6-14.1) = 14.5 ml Error in (BLANK- SAMPLE) =  ±(0.05+0.05)=  ±0.1 ml Percentage error in (BLANK SAMPLE) = 0.69% Percentage error in mass = 0.02% Therefore % error in Iodine Value: 0.02+0.69 = 0.71 % Value of Iodine Number = 78.98 Error in Iodine Number =  ±0.56 Iodine Number of Olive Oil = 78.98 ±0.56 MUSTARD OIL Value of the SAMPLE: 9.1ml Error in SAMPLE :  ±0.05 ml (BLANK-SAMPLE) = (28.6-9.1) = 19.5 ml Error in (BLANK- SAMPLE) =  ±(0.05+0.05)=  ±0.1 ml Percentage error in (BLANK SAMPLE) = 0.51% Percentage error in mass = 0.02% Therefore % error in Iodine Value: 0.02+0.51 = 0.53 % Value of Iodine Number = 101.2 Error in Iodine Number =  ±0.54 Iodine Number of Mustard Oil = 101.2 ±0.54 COCONUT OIL Value of the SAMPLE: 26.9 Error in SAMPLE :  ±0.05 ml (Blank-Sample) = (28.6-26.9) = 1.7 ml Error in (Blank- Sample) =  ±(0.05+0.05)=  ±0.1 ml Percentage error in (Blank Sample) = 5.8% Percentage error in mass = 0.02% Therefore % error in Iodine Value: 0.02+5.8 = 5.82 % Value of Iodine Number = 9.937 Error in Iodine Number =  ±0.59 Iodine Number of Olive Oil = 9.937 ±0.59 CANOLA OIL Value of the SAMPLE: 5.6ml Error in SAMPLE :  ±0.05 ml (Blank-Sample) = (28.6-5.6) = 23 ml Error in (Blank- Sample) =  ±(0.05+0.05)=  ±0.1 ml Percentage error in (Blank Sample) = 0.43% Percentage error in mass = 0.02% Therefore % error in Iodine Value: 0.02+0.43 = 0.45 % Value of Iodine Number = 108.8 Error in Iodine Number =  ±0.49 Iodine Number of Olive Oil = 108.8 ±0.49 EXPERIMENT B- DETERMINING -THE VISCOSITY OF THE VEGETABLE OILS 3.1 Design 3.1.1 Hypothesis: To determine the viscosity of the following oils: Olive Oil Canola Oil Mustard Oil Coconut oil 3.1.2 Apparatus required: Viscometer 25ml density bottle Weighing balance Pipette 3.1.3 Chemicals Required: Olive Oil- 25 ml Mustard Oil- 25 ml Canola Oil- 25 ml Coconut oil- 25ml Distilled water- 25 ml 3.2 Procedure: Part A: Determination of the Density The oils were added up to the brim of a 25 ml density bottle of a known weight. The bottle was covered using a lid. And the excess oil was dipped off from the side of the lids. The density bottle was then cleaned. The bottle and the oil together were weighed in order to get the mass of the oil that is going to be used in the process of the experiment With the help of this calculated weight and a predetermined volume of 25 ml , the density of the oil could be calculated. The above process was carried out for all the oils and the water as well Part B: Determination of time taken in order to flow down a viscometer A Viscometer consists of a U-Tube with 2 reservoirs. 100 ml of the oil was added to the opening as indicated The oil was then pipetted up on the other side until the lower meniscus reached the level marked as A. It was held at this point by using a finger which covered the opening. As soon as the finger was released the oil flowed down and the at the same time a timer was started. The oil flowed through the reservoir and as soon as the lower meniscus reached the level marked at B, the timer was stopped and the time was noted. The above procedure was carried out for all the other oils and was carried out for water as well With the help of the above data, the viscosity of the oil , relative to the viscosity of the water could be calculated. 3.3 Data Collection and Processing Density of the Samples: Name of Sample Mass of 25ml gravity bottle( ± 0.00005 g) Mass of 25 ml density bottle + sample ( ± 0.00005g) Mass of the Sample ( ±0.0005 g) Density of the sample( Mass of the sample/25) Olive Oil 17.2358 g 40.2675 23.0317 0.9213 Canola Oil 17.2358 g 40.2872 23.0514 0.9221 Mustard Oil 17.2358 g 40.0860 22.8502 0.9140 Coconut Oil 17.2358 g 40.2733 23.0375 0.9215 Water 17.2358 g 42.3569 25.1211 1.0048 Time Taken Name of the Sample Time Taken( ± 0.5 sec) Olive Oil 8659 Canola Oil 6144 Mustard Oil 7628 Coconut Oil 9952 Water 151 Calculations Formula for the calculation of the relative velocity Ã…Å  1 = D1 ÃÆ'- t1 Ã…Å  2 D2 ÃÆ'- t2 Where, Where: Ã…Å  1 = Viscosity of Oil Ã…Å  2 = Viscosity of water Clearly, Ã…Å  1 = Relative Viscosity of Oil with respect to water Ã…Å  2 D1 = Density of oil D2 = Density of water t1 = Time required for the oil to flow between 2 marked points on the viscometer t2 = Time required for water to flow between 2 marked points on the viscometer 3.4 CALCULATIONS From the above observations we can find the viscosity of the oils. Olive Oil = [0.9213  ± (2 ÃÆ'- 10-6)] ÃÆ'- (8659  ± 0.5) = 52.27  ± 0.2 - [1.0048  ± (2 ÃÆ'- 10-6)] ÃÆ'- (151  ± 0.5) Canola Oil = [0.9221  ± (2 ÃÆ'- 10-6)] ÃÆ'- (6144  ± 0.5) = 37.33  ± 0.2 [1.0048  ± (2 ÃÆ'- 10-6)] ÃÆ'- (151  ± 0.5) Mustard Oil = [0.9140  ± (2 ÃÆ'- 10-6)] ÃÆ'- (7628  ± 0.5) = 45.95  ± 0.2 [1.0048  ± (2 ÃÆ'- 10-6)] ÃÆ'- (151  ± 0.5) Coconut Oil = [0.9215  ± (2 ÃÆ'- 10-6)] ÃÆ'- (9952  ± 0.5) = 60.44  ± 0.2 - [1.0048  ± (2 ÃÆ'- 10-6)] ÃÆ'- (151  ± 0.5) ANALYSIS From the above graphs, we see that there is an inverse relationship shared between the degree of unsaturation and the value of the viscosity Unsaturated oils are those that have carbon carbon double bonds because it lacks hydrogen atoms. Poly unsaturated oils are those that contain more than one carbon double bond. They are also called the polyunsaturated fatty acids or PUFAs and sometimes, they are also known as Essential fatty acids The degree of unsaturation can be found out by finding out the amount of mass that is used to overcome the carbon-carbon double bonds.The amount of iodine that reacts is used to find the iodine number of the oil and this is used to indicate the degree of unsaturation in the oil. A carbon double bond consists of one à Ã†â€™ bond and one à Ã¢â€š ¬ bond. à Ã†â€™ bonds are formed by the end on interaction of the electrons in a s-orbital. When they react they produce a bond in which the electron density is at its greatest on the internuclear axis ( imaginary line joining the nuclei) and is symmetric about it. à Ã¢â€š ¬ bond is formed by the side on interaction of the electrons of the p-orbitals at right angles to the internuclear axis. This bond has low electron density on the inter nuclear axis . The electron density for this type of bond is at the highest on the sides opposite to the internuclear axis. The presence of the double bond in the hydrocarbon chain makes the short. And hence there is greater number of electrons causing greater amount of repulsive forces. This is called the Bayers strain. The more the number of double bonds the greater the strain and shorter the length of the hydrocarbon. These types of hydrocarbon chain undergo addition reactions faster when compared to those that are longer with less number of double bonds. When they undergo addition reaction they get relived of the stress and the strain causing the length of the hydrocarbon to expand. Hence, the greater mass of Iodine use, the greater the number of carbon double bonds and greater the Iodine number and greater the degree of unsaturation. Therefore, greater the iodine number greater the degree of unsaturation The carbon in the double bond is sp2 hybridized. Hence the shape is trigonal planar and the molecule comes into one plane. Therefore, the molecules in a double bonded carbon are spaced out. When the carbon bond is saturated, that is, having only single bonds, the bonds are sp3 hybridized. The shape therefore is tetrahedral and hence molecules become spread in two planes. As a result, the molecules become more tightly packed, thus becoming denser. Therefore, lesser the amount of double bonds, the more tightly it will be packed when it becomes saturated and hence it will become more denser. This brings out a relationship between the iodine value, the degree of unsaturation and the viscosity. Greater the iodine value, greater the degree of unsaturation and lower the value of the viscosity. Greater the degree of unsaturation, lower the melting point. This is because in unsaturated oils there are carbon-carbon double bonds. The presence of these double bonds makes the hydrocarbon chain less straight. This weakens the strength of the Van Der Waals forces because there is less contact between the chains. Therefore, greater the degree of unsaturation, lower the melting point. Also, unsaturated oils are less stable than those that are saturated. Therefore, greater the degree of unsaturation, the less stable it is. CONCLUSION From the above experiment and analysis, we observe various number of things. Greater the Iodine value of the oil, greater the degree of unsaturation and lower the viscosity. Using this analysis, we can say that Canola Oil has the highest iodine value, that is, and the least Viscosity value, that is . This means that Canola Oil is the safest to cook and use because it provides a lot of health benefits when compared to the sample of the other oils. Mustard oil, which has an iodine value of and Viscosity value of is the comes second in the four oils that have been used for the experiment. Olive oil, that has an iodine value of and a viscosity value of is not recommended to use because out of the four oils that are were used for the experiment this falls under the third category. Coconut oil is very hazardous for the health because its iodine value is and the viscosity value is. It is recommended not to use coconut oil for cooking purposes. Sources of Error Error might have occurred when transferring the oil from one beaker to another. This might have lead to minor errors occurring in the process of the experiment The analytical balance did measure the mass of the oil to an accuracy of four significant figures, but there were few disturbance like noise and the shaking of the table around the analytical balance that made the digit in the balance to waver between one number to another. There might be some ICl (Iodine Monochloride) left behind when it was transferred from the beaker to the Iodine Flask. After the one hour in the dark, KI was to be added to the iodine flask by opening the lid slowly and making the KI to drip slowly into the flask. During this short period where the lid of the flask was opened, there might have been chances where the iodine vapors could have escaped from the reaction in the Iodine Flask causing errors in the experiment. During the process of titration, there are chances that there was excess amount of Sodium Thiosulphate was added for the color to turn colorless. This might have caused the wrong reading being taken which in turn can lead to the wrong calculation that can increase the difference between the original Iodine value and experimentally calculated Iodine Value While measuring the amount of starch solutions, Wijs solution etc, to be added in the process of the experiment, there are chances of parallax errors that could have caused errors in the process of the experiment There are chances that the apparatus had some tiny unwanted particles that might have been mixed with the other chemicals causing errors in the experiment While measuring the volume of the sodium thiosulphate used for the experiment from the burette, there are chances that there was a tiny difference between the reading that was recorded and the actual reading. The solution f Potassium Iodide was prepared in the lab by diluting the KI powder into water. Therefore, there might have been an error in the diluting the Potassium Iodide like for example, adding extra Potassium Iodide powder or adding extra amount of water. In some of the apparatus, there were readings that were not very clear. This might have caused errors in the experiment. For the experiment to determine the Viscosity of the oils, the experiment had to be carried out in similar atmospheric conditions. There could have been variations in the chemistry lab hence leading to errors in the experiment. Evaluation: To reduce the weighing error, the sample should be weighed repeatedly. This will reduce the random errors caused because of the weighing. This will also give an accurate mass that will reduce the errors in the experiment. While transferring chemicals, care should be taken so as to avoid the chemicals from spilling Repeated measurements could have been conducted while measuring the BLANK value and the SAMPLE value. This would have reduced the random as well as systematic errors that are caused by incorrect readings and unclear readings in the apparatus. The apparatus used in the lab for the process of experimentation should be of good quality so as to minimize the errors and increase the accuracy in the experiment.

Goo Earth :: essays research papers

#  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quotes/Responses  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page # 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"There was a woman coming to the house. Never again would Wang Lung have to rise†¦at dawn to light the fire. He could lie in his bed and wait.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This quote shows the reader the kind of role the woman was supposed to have in her family. She was to do all of the housework, cooking†¦ Basically she takes care of the man’s every need.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"‘Come here, slave,’ said the old lady carelessly. ‘This man has come for you.’†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Female children were often sold as slaves to rich families. This wasn’t done with male children, which shows that the male children were held in much higher regards, and that they were worth more to a family.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"‘Is it a man?’ he cried importunely.†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  27   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Male children were wanted more than females because they could own land and grow crops, something that the government prohibited females to do.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"‘It is over once more. It is only a slave this time-not worth mentioning.’ Wang lung stood still. A sense of evil struck him. A girl!†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  46   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wang Lung wasn’t any exception to the rule with girl children. He just wanted to have male children because girls just caused a whole lot of trouble in his eyes.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I would sell this girl for you-to take you back to the land.’†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  83   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  O’lan was willing to sell her daughter so that her family could go back to their home and their land. Wang Lung did not think that it was right to do so. O’lan thought that it was ok because she was sold into slavery when her parents needed money  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"‘My mother did not bind them, since I was sold so young. But the girls' feet I will bind-the younger girl's feet I will bind.’†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  122   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The women were expected to have their feet bound to make them smaller and more beautiful. The women were expected to go through a lot of pain to be presentable to their husband.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"‘He chose one most beautiful, a small, slender thing, a body light as a bamboo and a little face as pointed as a kitten's face, and one hand clasping the stem of a lotus flower in bud, and the hand as delicate as the tendril of a fern uncurled.’†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  126   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This quote refers to Wang Lung when he went to pay for his pleasures with a beautiful woman. This kind of thing was ok for a man to do. He could have as many women as he wanted, but a woman could not do the same.

Habits Essay

HABIT 1: BE PROACTIVE In my own personal life I can apply this particular habit by seeing see the good side of things such as my family and how we are in society.   I should not base my happiness on what surrounds me; rather, I should seek my own happiness from within myself.   I should not let my family get in the way of my own happiness.   As a teacher I have to know that there are things that I can do on my own to make the learning experience more enjoyable.   I have to seek things I can do for my students on my own. HABIT 2: BEGIN WITH THE END IN MIND I have to focus and seek what I want for myself; however, I have to consider that what I want should be based on my individual personality.   I always wanted to be a teacher and I can say that I am now where I envisioned myself to be.   I have to set realistic goals.   In my professional life, I have to act and work according to the goals I have set and when and if I do reach these goals, I have to set brand new goals to pursue. HABIT 3: PUT FIRST THINGS FIRST I am sure that at this point I will have set what is important for me.  Ã‚   I believe that I should always have to come first, followed by my family, then my friends, and all the others coming after.   I prioritize myself to be able to give to others – I have to love myself first to be able to give love.   Being a teacher, my first priority are my students and what I can teach them, all the rest are secondary to this important priority. HABIT 4: THINK WIN-WIN I want my family to enjoy the same things that I enjoy.   What I have, I also want those who are important to me to have, so I have to be decisive and courageous in seeking these things.   In the same manner, I want my students to be as empowered as I am as a teacher, so to enjoy this mutual benefit, I have to remain vigilant in defending their rights and their capacities. HABIT 5: SEEK FIRST TO UNDERSTAND, THEN TO BE UNDERSTOOD I should not act like I know everything.   I should try to consider others as a means of enriching myself.   If I want other people to appreciate me and consider me for what I am I should be sensitive and responsive to others.   I consider my students sources of learning in as much as they consider me a source of their knowledge.   This way, the chain of understanding remains open in both ways. HABIT 6: SYNERGIZE Since I value my family and friends I should consider them in everything especially in things I want to achieve.   I have to allow them to work with me and allow myself to work with them for a more holistic approach in everything I do.   Problems are solved easier with many contributing to the solution and so I must not shut out my students from problems that we normally come across with in education.   I have to accept the fact that as a teacher there are problems that are better solved with my students contributing to the solution. HABIT 7: SHARPEN THE SAW I personally know that I am athletic, emotionally open, socially considerate, and spiritually decided.   I have to focus on these four strengths of mine so that I do not remain static and continue and consistently improve in general.   Teaching requires that I focus on what I am good at and build on this.   I am very good with children and can simplify complicated information quite effectively.   I believe that I should hone my skills in these areas to become a more effective teacher.

Division Card Games for Kids

Division Card Games for Kids Once your child starts to get a handle on her multiplication facts, it’s time to start looking at the inverse function of multiplicationdivision. If your child is confident in knowing her times tables, then division may come a little bit easier to her, but she’ll still need to practice. The same card games you play to practice multiplication can be modified to practice division as well. What Your Child Will Learn (or Practice) Your child will be practicing equal division, division with remainders, and number comparison. Materials Needed You will need a deck of cards with or without the face cards removed Card Game: Two-Player Division War This game is a variation of the classic card game War, although, for the purpose of this learning activity, you will deviate a little bit from the original rules of the game. For instance, instead of asking your child to remember the number value of the face cards, it’s easier to place a small piece of removable tape (masking tape or painter’s tape works well) in the top corner of the card with the number value written on it. The values should be assigned as follows: Ace 1, King 12, Queen 12, and Jack 11. Insert the face cards back into the deck, shuffle and then deal the cards evenly and face down between the players.On a Ready, set, go! count, each player turns over two cards.Both players can use any of the four visible cards to try to find a fact family with which they can then place in sequential order to make a division problem. For example, if Player One revealed a 5 and a 3, and Player Two turned over a King (12) and a 4, either player could snatch up the 4, 3, and King to create the division sentences: King à · 4 3 or King à · 3 4.The winner of the hand is the first player who is able to recognize and lay out a division problem. Of course, the other player can check the math first!Each player should take back his unplayed cards and start an unused pile. As the game continues, each player turns up two new cards and the cards in his unused pile. This provides more opportunity for players to create division problems. If both players can create a problem using different cards, they both win the hand. The game is over when there are no more cards left, or the players are unable to make any more division problems. Card Game: Division Go Fish The Division Go Fish card game is played almost exactly the same way as the Multiplication Go Fish card game is played. The difference is that instead of creating a multiplication problem to give a card’s value, players have to come up with a division problem. For example, a player who wants to find a match for his 8 could say Do you have any 16s divided by 2s? or I’m looking for a card that is a 24 divided by 3. Deal six cards to each player and place the rest of the deck in the middle as a draw pile.When the first player says his math sentence, the player who is being asked for the card has to do the division, come up with the correct answer and hand over any matching cards. If there are no matches, the first player draws a card from the deck.When a player runs out of cards or the draw pile is gone, the game is over. The winner is the player with the most matches.

Ancient civilization comparative essay Essay Example

Ancient civilization comparative essay Essay Example Ancient civilization comparative essay Essay Ancient civilization comparative essay Essay Ancient Civilization Comparative Essay Without any form of rapid long distance communication as we have today, Egypt and Mesopotamia built their civilizations with inadvertent similarities and differences between their political and social structures. Given the facts that Egypt was unified and Mesopotamia was a collection of city states, both had common writing forms amongst them, but not all were literate due to the sharply contrasting social hierarchy. Even though Egypt believed in a fulfilling after life, Mesopotamia did not; owever, both had polytheism religions. Known as one civilization but actually a collection of city-states, Mesopotamia, unlike Egypt, was not politically unified. However, Egypt was politically unified under one ruler, the pharaoh. Political unity allowed for a stable government and economy. Therefore, more people were able to study other pursuits. As a result of this, the two civilizations developed respective forms of writing. Usually used to record religious rituals, hieroglyphics were used as a form of writing and art; but it wasnt only used for religion. Hieroglyphics were also used for writing poems, myths, medical recipes and records of battle, legal documents, trade transactions and even magic spells. Scribes, wrote with hieroglyphics on walls of temples but mostly papyrus, an early form paper. Mesopotamian scribes, instead of writing on papyrus wrote on clay tablets. Mesopotamians are credited with inventing the earliest form of writing, Cuneiform. With the use of reed styluses, they carved pictographs into clay tablets and left the tablets to dry. Even though both civilizations had a writing form, not all ould read or write due to the massive inequality between the elites the laymen. Only the elites could read and write because only they could afford to go to school. In each of these civilizations, women were not permitted to attend school. However, women in Egypt had rights to an extent. For example, in the absence of her husband and sons women would manage the family farms or businesses. Women could even initiate a lawsuit to get a divorce. But those rights came with a price, under the law women in Egypt were treated equally even more so cruel than men. To a degree women in Egypt had freedom of expression while women in Mesopotamia could not due to the fact that they were completely downgraded and did not have any rights unlike Egyptian women. Under one leader, Egypt was unified; ancient Egyptians believed that their leaders, or Pharos, were part god, a god of their many gods. In fact, it was believed that Egypt had over 2000 gods, Just short of Mesopotamias 3000. There is no doubt that they were both polytheistic, but their beliefs of the after life differed. The gloomy outlook of Mesopotamian religion was to go to the land of no return after life on earth. On the other hand, Egyptian religion believed that ones after life is where one finds content; as a matter of fact it was believed that kings ruled in the after life as well, therefore they were part god. In order for them to rule in the after life, they had to undergo a proper burial. Therefore in their life on Earth, it was ordered that a proper mesopotamians also built a pyramid like structure, but it was used for religion and ot as a burial site, the ziggurat. Although Egypt was unified under one ruler and Mesopotamia was various city states, their social structures were homogeneous in parts yet also heterogenous in others. However, because of the social hierarchy not all were educated and could write; both had common writing forms among them. Even though both believed in an after life, their outcomes were not the same. The early civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia had distinguishable similarities but also very distinct differences.

How to Decrease Customer Turnover due to the impersonal touch of Research Paper

How to Decrease Customer Turnover due to the impersonal touch of e-commerce - Research Paper Example But the problem arises when it involves in a matter of customization or suggestion for a particular product. It mainly happens with the service sector. It can be better understood by an example. Suppose, in case of an insurance company, a customer may be in need of a child policy and he has various requirements. E-commerce will enable him to see all the available child policies. It will even ask for more specifications such as age of the child and his parents, premium amount, or amount of sum assured, mode of payment, etc but e-commerce can never really understand the actual requirements of the customer or his future expectations from the policy. Therefore, it will not show the most suitable policy for the customer. If the customer goes with the policy identified by electronic communication system, which will be the result of customized search option, then it may lead to future dissatisfaction of the customer and he may not opt the company for his next policy which will invariably de crease the customer turn over for the insurance company. An electronic media can provide several options to the customers, even through it, a buyer or a seller can customize their choice but an electronic media fails to understand the need and requirement of the customer in the truest essence. That is why, they will not be able to provide apt suggestions or can not give a perfectly suitable product as per the customer’s requirement. Sometimes the customer might feel that they are less valuable for the organization because they find that there is no one to hear their requirements or problems and give a suitable suggestion accordingly. E-commerce is not only used for purchase or selling products and services but also for customer care. When a customer will buy a product, he can directly choose the option for the product and can buy it at once or can go through the features of the products and then purchase it. But

The Use of Sweetners and the Rise in Obesity Essay

The Use of Sweetners and the Rise in Obesity - Essay Example Sweeteners got introduced to help reduce people’s intake of sugar. A sweetener can be best described as matter used to sweeten a drink or food. This is usually in place of sugar. They became classified into two main categories: the nutritive sweeteners. These are the sweeteners that get digested in the body only to some extent; they became known to provide food energy value to the body. For example, glucose, honey, maltose and invert sugar. The other category of sweeteners is the nonnutritive sweeteners (Mendosa et al, 2008). These do not get digested as in the case of the nutritive sweeteners. It is because of this that they get said to contain an insignificant amount of food energy value. Examples include cyclamates, sucralose and stevia. One of the sweeteners used in place of the sugar is Stevia. This is a natural nonnutritive sweetener. It gets derived from the leaves of the Bertoni plant which naturally occurs in the forests of southern America. Its name got given after the botanist explorer who discovered it in 1908. He was an Italian by the name Dr. Moises Santiago Bertoni. This plant had been in existence for a couple of years. The native population knew and termed it as kaa he-he, which meant honey-leaf (Etkins, 1997). They used its leaves to improve on the taste of their bitter tea; they as well as chewed on the leaves for their sweet taste or in medical potions. It was after Dr. Bertoni’s discovery that such a little known and rare plant became well known and famous. His discovery enabled the plant to be accessed by many people other than only those who had access to its naturally occurring habitat. These being the native Indians who originally occupied the land before the explorers came. In 1908, the first dried leaves of the plant got harvested and produced as a sweetener. It was not until 10 years later that the plant got brought to the attention of the United States government